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How the Heart Develops: A Visual Approach
by Fischman, Donald A.

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With possible exception of the atomic clock, the heart may be the most perfect machine ever devised. How it develops from a simple embryonic tube is a fascinating story of biology and lends a great deal of insight into the source of heart defects that affect children and adults alike. Central to this entire lecture is the fact that the fetus resides in an aquatic environment. Oxygenated blood arrives from the placenta and deoxygenated returns to the placenta. The lungs play no role in delivering oxygen or removing carbon dioxide to or from the circulation. Thus, the fetus mainly (but not exclusively) requires a three-chambered heart rather than the fourchambered heart that we are all familiar with. This resembles fish circulation in which blood leaves the heart into an aortic sac from which emanate the aortic arches that deliver blood to the gills, where it is oxygenated and CO2 is removed. Blood then goes to the dorsal aortae for nourishing the body tissues. In a fish there is no need for a four-chambered heart, since fish do not use lungs to aerate the blood or remove CO2. Although the fetus lacks gills and still develops a four-chambered heart, much of fetal circulatory physiology depends on a "quasi-three-chambered circulation" that bypasses the pulmonary circulation. Upon birth, this "aquatic" circulation must change within minutes to permit lung function. The topics to follow trace how this circulation develops and how it changes upon birth.

Product Information

Binding: Softcover

Specs: 68 pages | .4 Lbs

ISBN: 1615040005

ISBN-13: 9781615040001

Edition: 1

Series: Colloquium Series in Medical Cell Biology

Table Of Contents:

Introduction to the Cell Biology of Medicine
Fetal and Embryonic Hematopoiesis
Formation ofthe Precardiac Mesoderm and Fate Mapping During Gastrulation
Tubular Heart
Cardiac Looping
Pericardial Cavity
Endocardial Cushions
Atrial Septation
Ventricular Septation
Partitioning of the Bulbus Cordis and Truncus Arteriosus
Conducting System
Cell Lineages During Heart Development
Circulation at Term and Changes upon Birth
Recommended Readings
Index

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Skeletal Muscle and Muscular Dystrophy by Fishman, Donald A.

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